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Early-onset diabetes: an epidemic in China
Jiemin Pan, Weiping Jia
《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期 页码 624-633 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0669-1
Although type 2 diabetes is a disease often associated with aging, the global prevalence of early-onset diabetes has been increasing due to man’s sedentary lifestyle, low-physical activity, obesity, and some non-modifiable risk factors. Many studies have found that individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes were at higher risk of developing vascular complications than those with late-onset diabetes. Individuals with early-onset diabetes are usually unwilling to visit hospital and have more confidence in their health, which results in poor glycemic control and the delayed detection of diabetes-related complications. Few studies have focused on the treatment and prevention of complications in specific population of individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes. Therefore, focusing on this particular population is critical for the government and academic societies. Screening for T2DM is imminent for young adults with a family history of diabetes, obesity, markers of insulin resistance, or alcohol consumption. More data are definitely required to establish a reasonable risk model to screen for early-onset diabetes.
Zinc homeostasis in the metabolic syndrome and diabetes
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期 页码 31-52 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0251-9
Zinc (Zn) is an essential mineral that is required for various cellular functions. Zn dyshomeostasis always is related to certain disorders such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes and diabetic complications. The associations of Zn with metabolic syndrome, diabetes and diabetic complications, thus, stem from the multiple roles of Zn: (1) a constructive component of many important enzymes or proteins, (2) a requirement for insulin storage and secretion, (3) a direct or indirect antioxidant action, and (4) an insulin-like action. However, whether there is a clear cause-and-effect relationship of Zn with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or diabetic complications remains unclear. In fact, it is known that Zn deficiency is a common phenomenon in diabetic patients. Chronic low intake of Zn was associated with the increased risk of diabetes and diabetes also impairs Zn metabolism. Theoretically Zn supplementation should prevent the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and diabetic complications; however, limited available data are not always supportive of the above notion. Therefore, this review has tried to summarize these pieces of available information, possible mechanisms by which Zn prevents the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and diabetic complications. In the final part, what are the current issues for Zn supplementation were also discussed.
关键词： zinc zinc transporters metallothionein diabetes diabetic complications insulin resistance antioxidant
Impact of diabetes and its treatments on skeletal diseases
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期 页码 81-90 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0243-9
Diabetes mellitus is an enormous menace to public health globally. This chronic disease of metabolism will adversely affect the skeleton if not controlled. Both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Bone mineral density is reduced in T1DM, whereas patients with T2DM have normal or slightly higher bone density, suggesting impaired bone quality is involved. Detrimental effects of T1DM on the skeleton are more severe than T2DM, probably because of the lack of osteo-anabolic effects of insulin and other pancreatic hormones. In both T1DM and T2DM, low bone quality could be caused by various means, including but not limited to hyperglycemia, accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), decreased serum levels of osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone. Risk for osteoarthritis is also elevated in diabetic population. How diabetes accelerates the deterioration of cartilage remains largely unknown. Hyperglycemia and glucose derived AGEs could contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. Moreover, it is recognized that oral antidiabetic medicines affect bone metabolism and turnover as well. Insulin is shown to have anabolic effects on bone and hyperinsulinemia may help to explain the slightly higher bone density in patients with T2DM. Thiazolidinediones can promote bone loss and osteoporotic fractures by suppressing osteoblastogenesis and enhancing osteoclastogenesis. Metformin favors bone formation by stimulating osteoblast differentiation and protecting them against diabetic conditions such as hyperglycemia. Better knowledge of how diabetic conditions and its treatments influence skeletal tissues is in great need in view of the growing and aging population of patients with diabetes mellitus.
Diagnosis and management against the complications of human cystic echinococcosis
Hao WEN, Tuerganaili AJI, Ying-Mei SHAO,
《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期 页码 394-398 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0180-9
New practice in semaglutide on type-2 diabetes and obesity: clinical evidence and expectation
《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期 页码 17-24 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0873-2
Advances in the management of the surgical complications for congenital cataract
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期 页码 360-365 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0235-1
The greatest concern in children with cataracts is irreversible visual loss. The timing of congenital cataract surgery is critical for the visual rehabilitation. Cataract surgery in children remains complex and challenging. The incidence of complications during or after operation is higher in children than adults. Some complications could be avoided by meticulous attention to surgical technique and postoperative care, and others were caused by more exuberant inflammatory response associated with surgery on an immature eye or the intrinsic eyes abnormalities. Utilizing of advanced techniques and timely applying topical corticosteroids and cycloplegic agents can reduce the occurrence of visual axis opacification. Operation on children with strabismus or nystagmus, and applying occlusion therapy on amblyopic eyes can balance the visual inputs to the two eyes. Diagnosis of glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery requires lifelong surveillance and continuous assessment of the problem. So cataract surgeries in children are not the end of journey, but one step on the long road to visual rehabilitation. This paper describes recent evidence from the literature regarding the advance of management after congenital cataract surgery.
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期 页码 20-31 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0493-4
To date, gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the common and fatal digestive malignancies worldwide. The prognosis of GC is not always satisfactory because of late diagnosis. Scholars are keen on discovering novel accurate and economical biomarkers in body liquids for GC screening to detect and evaluate the lesion before the results of imaging techniques are obtained. While traditional serum assays have limited sensitivity and specificity, gastrointestinal juice may provide relevant specific biomarkers because of its close contact with the tumor. Herein, the current progress in the relationship between gastrointestinal fluid analyses and GC is systematically and comprehensively reviewed. The detection of gastric juice pH, fluorescence spectrum, cytology, Helicobacter pylori-associated markers, nitrosamines, conventional tumor markers, amino acids, proteomics, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, protein-coding genes, vitamin C, etc., and combination tests of different category markers could provide important diagnostic and prognostic clues for gastrointestinal diseases. Particularly, early GC may be efficiently screened using gastric juice. Gastrointestinal fluid examination could also predict the adverse effects of postgastrectomy, such as pancreatic leakage, fistula, and abscess. Gastric fluid markers should be further studied to reveal the early predicators of malignancy and complications. The methods for obtaining the samples of gastrointestinal juice with minimum incision should also be comprehensively investigated.
关键词： gastrointestinal fluid gastric carcinoma biomarker diagnosis prognosis gastrectomy adverse events
Pei-Tu REN BM, Bao-Chun LU MM, Zhi-Liang CHEN MM, Hong FU MM,
《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期 页码 77-81 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0005-x
关键词： biliary disease cardiopulmonary complication stair-climbing test
Metabolomics in human type 2 diabetes research
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期 页码 4-13 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0248-4
The high prevalence of diabetes and diabetic complications has caused a huge burden on the modern society. Although scientific advances have led to effective strategies for preventing and treating diabetes over the past several decades, little progress has been made toward curing the disease or even getting it under control, from a public health and overall societal standpoint. There is still a lack of reliable biomarkers indicative of metabolic alterations associated with diabetes and different drug responses, highlighting the need for the development of early diagnostic and prognostic markers for diabetes and diabetic complications. The emergence of metabolomics has allowed researchers to systemically measure the small molecule metabolites, which are sensitive to the changes of both environmental and genetic factors and therefore, could be regarded as the link between genotypes and phenotypes. During the last decade, the progression made in metabolomics has provided insightful information on disease development and disease onset prediction. Recent studies using metabolomics approach coupled with statistical tools to predict incident diabetes revealed a number of metabolites that are significantly altered, including branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, such as isoleucine, leucine, valine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, as diagnostic or highly-significant predictors of future diabetes. This review summarizes the current findings of metabolomic studies in human investigations with the most common form of diabetes, type 2 diabetes.
关键词： metabolomics type 2 diabetes metabolic pathway mass spectrometry nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期 页码 110-119 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0484-5
This study aims to investigate the link between glycated hemoglobin and diabetic complications with chronic periodontitis. A total of 207 patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis (CP) were divided according to tertiles of mean PISA (periodontal inflamed surface area) scores as low, middle and high PISA groups. Simultaneously a group of 67 periodontally healthy individuals (PH) was recruited. Periodontal examinations, including full-mouth assessment of probing depths (PPD), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level and plaque scores were determined. Blood analyses were carried out for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h post parandial glucose (PPG). Individuals in PH group had significantly better glycemic control than CP group. Upon one-way analysis of variance, subjects with increased PISA had significantly higher HbA1c levels, retinopathy and nephropathy (P<0.05). After controlling for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), family history of diabetes and periodontitis, duration of diabetes, the mean PISA in mm2, PPD 4--6 mm (%) and PPD≥7 mm (%) emerged as significant predictors for elevated HbA1c in regression model (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that PISA was associated with higher risk of having retinopathy and neuropathy (odds ratio). In our study, the association between glycemic control and diabetic complications with periodontitis was observed.
关键词： type 2 diabetes mellitus hemoglobin A glycated chronic periodontitis
A case of thymic Langerhans cell histiocytosis with diabetes insipidus as the first presentation
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期 页码 143-146 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0238-6
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an idiopathic group of reactive proliferative diseases linked to aberrant immunity, pathologically characterized by clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. LCH rarely involves the thymus. We report a case of thymic LCH with diabetes insipidus as the first presentation, without evidence of myasthenia gravis and without evidenced involvement of the skin, liver, spleen, bones, lungs and superficial lymph nodes. This present case may have important clinical implications. In screening for LCH lesions, attention should be attached to rarely involved sites in addition to commonly involved organs. Follow-up and imageological examination are very important to a final diagnosis.
关键词： diabetes insipidus thymus Langerhans cell histiocytosis
《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期 页码 126-138 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0897-7
关键词： type 2 diabetes quality of care macrovascular complication microvascular complication treatment pattern epidemiology
Oxidative stress and diabetes: antioxidative strategies
Pengju Zhang, Tao Li, Xingyun Wu, Edouard C. Nice, Canhua Huang, Yuanyuan Zhang
《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期 页码 583-600 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0729-1
关键词： diabetes oxidative stress redox modification antioxidative therapy novel antioxidant delivery
Reducing biliary complications in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation using right lobe
YAN Lunan, WEN Tianfu, WANG Wentao, YANG Jiayin, XU Mingqing, CHEN Zheyu, WU Hong
《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期 页码 130-133 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0024-z
Transplantation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells in type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期 页码 94-100 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0116-z
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been used in clinical trials for severe diabetes, a chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality. Bone marrow is the traditional source of human MSC, but human term placenta appears to be an alternative and more readily available source. Here, the therapeutic effect of human placenta-derived MSC (PD-MSC) was studied in type 2 diabetes patients with longer duration, islet cell dysfunction, high insulin doses as well as poor glycemic control in order to evaluate the safety, efficacy and feasibility of PD-MSC treatment in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Ten patients with T2D received three intravenous infusions of PDSC, with one month interval of infusion. The total number of PDSC for each patient was (1.22–1.51) × 106/kg, with an average of 1.35 × 106/kg. All of the patients were followed up after therapy for at least 3 months. A daily mean dose of insulin used in 10 patients was decreased from 63.7?±?18.7 to 34.7?±?13.4 IU (P<0.01), and the C-peptide level was increased from 4.1?±?3.7 ng/mL to 5.6?±?3.8 ng/mL (P<0.05) respectively after therapy. In 4 of 10 responders their insulin doses reduced more than 50% after infusion. The mean levels of insulin and C-peptide at each time point in a total of 10 patients was higher after treatment (P<0.05). No fever, chills, liver damage and other side effects were reported. The renal function and cardiac function were improved after infusion. The results obtained from this pilot clinical trial indicate that transplantation of PD-MSC represents a simple, safe and effective therapeutic approach for T2D patients with islet cell dysfunction. Further large-scale, randomized and well-controlled clinical studies will be required to substantiate these observations.
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Diagnosis and management against the complications of human cystic echinococcosis
Hao WEN, Tuerganaili AJI, Ying-Mei SHAO,
期刊论文
Detection of digestive malignancies and post-gastrectomy complications via gastrointestinal fluid examination
null
期刊论文
Role of stair-climbing test in predicting postoperative cardiopulmonary complications in elderly patients
Pei-Tu REN BM, Bao-Chun LU MM, Zhi-Liang CHEN MM, Hong FU MM,
期刊论文
Association of periodontal disease with glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in Indian population
null
期刊论文
A case of thymic Langerhans cell histiocytosis with diabetes insipidus as the first presentation
null
期刊论文
Effectiveness of quality of care for patients with type 2 diabetes in China: findings from the Shanghai
期刊论文
Oxidative stress and diabetes: antioxidative strategies
Pengju Zhang, Tao Li, Xingyun Wu, Edouard C. Nice, Canhua Huang, Yuanyuan Zhang
期刊论文
Reducing biliary complications in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation using right lobe
YAN Lunan, WEN Tianfu, WANG Wentao, YANG Jiayin, XU Mingqing, CHEN Zheyu, WU Hong
期刊论文
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